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Unit 10   Ice-Cream Tasters Have a Sweet Job

綜合測驗                                                    

Freelancing

Sir Walter Scott first created the word “freelance” in 1819 in his novel Ivanhoe to describe a medieval mercenary warrior who was free to use his lance and worked for whoever paid him. Today, freelancers are people who work for themselves, not hired by any company. A freelancer usually works from home or from a number of different clients’ offices, rather than the same office every day. No matter   1   the clients are, perhaps even on the other side of the world, freelancers can work for them with the Internet and email.

There are many different jobs that can be done as a freelancer, most of them in publishing and computing. Freelance photographers have to complete a course in photography, and freelance journalists have to receive training in writing   2   they can have the necessary qualifications for the jobs they want to do.

Before one starts a career in freelancing, he or she has to   3   the situation: It does not have the security of working for the same company in the same office every day, and freelancers do not get holiday pay or sick pay. Freelancing can mean long hours and large amounts of work when there are tight deadlines. Nonetheless, many of them keep being late risers,   4   the midnight oil day after day.

However, freelancing, as opposed to a desk job, can be more flexible. Someone working in an office usually has to do all the work they are given when they are   5  . Freelancers can choose which pieces of work they accept and turn down those they don’t enjoy.

      1. (A) when                 (B) which                (C) where         (D) how

      2. (A) as soon as         (B) so as to             (C) in order to  (D) in order that

      3. (A) carry out           (B) make for           (C) size up        (D) live on

      4. (A) burn                  (B) and burning      (C) burning      (D) to burning

      5. (A) on duty                                            (B) on the way
(C) on the right track                               (D) nowhere to be found

Vocabulary

綜合測驗 自由工作者

華特‧史考特爵士最初發明「自由工作」(freelance)這個詞彙是在他1819年的小說《艾凡赫》(亦譯作《劫後英雄傳》、《撒克遜英雄傳》)裡，他用這個字來形容中古時期的傭兵戰士，其可以自由使用長矛(lance)為任何付他錢的人效命。時至今日，自由工作者是為自己工作，而非被任何公司機構所僱用的人。自由工作者通常在家裡或在幾個不同客戶的辦公室工作，而不是每天都待在同一個工作場所。不管客戶在哪裡，也許是在世界的另一端，自由工作者都可以用網路與電子郵件為他們工作。

有很多不同的工作是自由工作者可以做的，大部分是出版業與電腦應用業方面的工作。自己開業的攝影師必須完成攝影方面的課程，而自由記者則必須受訓成為寫手，以具有他們想做的工作的必要資格。

開始自由工作者生涯之前，必須先評估狀況：這樣的工作形式並不享有每天去同一家公司上班所擁有的保障，而且拿不到有薪假及病假的工資。截止期限很緊湊的時候，自由工作意味著要忍受長時間與大量的工作量。儘管如此，很多自由工作者依舊晚起，然後日復一日熬夜工作。

不過，與辦公室文案工作相反的是，自由業可以很有彈性。一般在辦公室的上班族必須在上班時間，做完所有交代下來的任務。自由工作者可以選擇要接下哪些工作，並拒絕不喜歡做的那些工作。

1.no matter後面可接疑問副詞when、where、how或疑問代名詞which，形成表示「讓步」的副詞子句，使用no matter where (無論何處)較符合文意，本句應選(C)。

2.此句使用從屬連接詞in order that來引導表「目的」的子句，so as to、in order to與前者意義相同，但後面需接原形動詞；as soon as (一…就…)與文意不符，故選(D)。

3.(A)進行　(B)導致　(C)評估　(D)以某食維生，故選(C)。

4.此句因兩個對等子句的主詞相同而使用了分詞構句，省略第二個子句的主詞，再將其動詞改為現在分詞burning。原句可寫成Many of them . . . , and they burn . . .，故選(C)。

5.(A)值班　(B)即將到來　(C)依循正確的方式　(D)找不到，故選(A)。

文意選填                                                    

Modeling Industry Today: All About the New

In the 1960s, you couldn’t open a fashion magazine without seeing Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton gracing the pages. Back then, the fashion industry demanded only a few superstars who would immediately sell the product well. These individuals—almost all women—were in the   1H   position of being treated like royalty wherever they went.

However, this is not the case anymore. The Internet plays a huge role in this major change of the modeling industry. Today’s young people see many more images than their counterparts of a generation ago. They think seeing the same person over and over again is too   2J  . They would rather   3F   these pages in a magazine.

Since people have very different   4C   about beauty, they are more willing to accept individuals with different features and figures. This may   5 D  the message that a model who does not have perfectly even features is even preferred over the one with the more symmetrical face. However, fashion models who have made regular   6B   recently can disappear in just a few seasons. Fortunately, the money they have made might at least   7E   their short­lived popularity.

If you are sticking to a low­fat diet in preparation for a career in modeling, there is good news in all this. You no longer have to   8A  yourself to eat little or even nothing every day. Being   9G   is not necessary to become a successful model. But there is bad news. Even if you get your lucky break, don’t expect to stay on top of the world for very long. There will always be someone replacing you, and the person will be replaced some day. Success requires everyone to make some   10I  . It’s true in all jobs.

(A) discipline          (B) appearances       (C) opinions            (D) convey      (E) balance

(F) skip                    (G) skinny               (H) enviable            (I) sacrifices    (J) dull

Vocabulary

文意選填

今日的模特兒產業：日新又新

在1960年代，你每次翻開時尚雜誌必看到崔姬和珍‧史林普頓妝點其中。在那個時候，時尚產業只需要幾個可以讓商品馬上銷售一空的大明星。這些人幾乎都是女人走到哪裡都被當作皇家貴族伺候，著實令人羨慕。

然而，情況不再是這樣了。模特兒產業的重大轉變中，網路起了極大的作用。現在的年輕人看到的影像比上一代同齡的人要多得多。他們覺得一再看到同一個人真是太乏味了，寧願直接跳過雜誌上的這幾頁。

由於人們對於美有非常不同的看法，他們更樂見不同容貌與身形的模特兒。這可能傳達了一項訊息：一個沒有完美對稱五官的模特兒甚至會比面容勻稱的模特兒更受喜愛。不過，近期頻繁出現的時尚模特兒也可能在幾季內就不見蹤影。幸好，他們所賺的錢可能至少可以跟他們短命的知名度相抵銷。

如果你正堅守低脂飲食，準備要進入模特兒行業，整體說來有一個好消息。你不需要再嚴格要求自己每天吃很少或甚至不吃。瘦巴巴的已經不再是成為成功模特兒所必要的。不過有個壞消息。即使有了幸運的機遇，也不要想能長久保住世界第一的位置。總是會有人取代你，然後有一天這個人也會被取代掉。成功都需要做出一些犧牲。各行各業都是如此。

1.be in the enviable position of doing sth (處於令人羨慕的某種情況)是常見搭配用法，模特兒被當作皇家貴族伺候是令人羨慕的，依文意選(H)。

2.年輕人覺得一再看到同一個人真是太乏味了，依文意選(J)dull。

3.承上句可知，年輕人因為覺得乏味，所以可能會直接跳過雜誌上的這幾頁，依文意選(F)skip。

4.由於人們對於美有非常不同的看法，opinion可接on或about，故選(C)opinions。

5.這傳達了一個訊息，依文意選(D)convey。

6.make an appearance (露臉)與disappear作對比，選(B)appearances。

7.他們所賺的錢可能可以跟他們短命的知名度相抵銷，依文意選(E) balance。

8.discipline yourself (to do sth)指「嚴格要求自我做…」，依文意選(A)。

9.瘦巴巴的已經不再是成為成功模特兒所必要的，依文意選(G)skinny。

10.成功需要做出一些犧牲 (make sacrifices)，故選(I)sacrifices。

閱讀測驗                                                    

A Career as a Translator

Can you speak more than one language? Are you an effective communicator? If you answer “yes” to both questions, perhaps you should “put your money where your mouth is,” as the saying goes, and consider a career as a translator. Translation involves changing something spoken or written in one language (the source language) into another (the target language), without changing the original meaning of the communication.

Translators often spend long hours going over documents with a fine­tooth comb, checking and double­checking dictionaries to search for the perfect word to express a meaning. Companies doing international businesses require translation services as they expand their products and services into foreign markets. For example, Asian companies selling machines abroad need instruction manuals translated into English, French, Spanish, German, and any other languages. There’s a huge demand for translation services.

Even more demanding than translating documents, where translators can take their time, is the job of simultaneous translation. This means acting as a go­between, bridging the communication gap between speakers of two different languages, in real time. Picture the situation: Mr. Fuji speaks only Japanese; Mr. Kim speaks only Korean. Your job is to enable them to have a conversation. Now imagine that the two gentlemen are the leaders of their countries and are discussing issues that affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people. Can you imagine the great pressure on the translator to get the translation exactly right? A misunderstanding under the circumstances could be terrible!

Being able to provide accurate translations without long delays requires a lot of academic training and total fluency. Translation study programs are very demanding and take several years to complete. It’s pressure­filled work, but the rewards include good pay and travel opportunities for those looking to put their communication and language skills to work.

      1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) How to provide accurate translations.
(B) Job descriptions of two kinds of translators.
(C) The fields that a simultaneous translator can work in.
(D) Why there’s a huge demand for translation services in Asia.

      2. If you translate a Spanish novel into Chinese, Chinese is      .
(A) the source language
(B) the target language
(C) both the source and the target language
(D) neither the source language nor the target language

      3. According to the passage, a simultaneous translator’s role is to      .
(A) sell products and services to foreign markets
(B) look up dictionaries and go over documents
(C) serve as a go­between in a talk of people of different languages
(D) translate instruction manuals into foreign languages

      4. According to the passage, in what way is simultaneous translation different from translating documents?
(A) While the former involves a lot of paperwork, the latter deals with people.
(B) The former is much less demanding than the latter.
(C) The former requires translators to respond promptly, but the latter doesn’t.
(D) The former helps the latter look up dictionaries in real time.

      5. According to the passage, if you are a simultaneous translator, you may NOT      .
(A) get good pay and travel a lot
(B) feel stressed now and then because the job is demanding
(C) freely express your ideas in the translation process
(D) translate accurately and fluently

Vocabulary

閱讀測驗   譯者生涯

你會說一種以上的語言嗎？你是個有效的溝通者嗎？如果你對這兩個問題的答案都是肯定的，也許你應該像那句諺語所說的「用行動證明自己的話」(雙關：用自己的嘴巴來賺錢)，考慮作為一個翻譯人員。翻譯需要把一種語言(來源語言)的口說或書寫形式轉換成另外一種語言(目標語言)，而不改變其表達的原意。

譯者常會花很長的時間仔細檢視文件，再三查字典以找出能夠表達意義的準確字眼。經營國際事業的公司行號把商品與服務推展到外國市場時，需要翻譯服務。舉例來說，亞洲的公司要銷售機器到國外，就必須要把使用手冊翻譯成英文、法文、西班牙文、德文還有任何其他國家的語言。翻譯服務的需求太廣大了。

比起還能夠好整以暇完成筆譯文件的工作，同步口譯更需要高技能。口譯就是作為中間人，即時消弭兩種不同語言使用者溝通的隔閡。想像這個狀況：富士先生只會講日語，而金先生只會講韓語。你的工作就是讓他們能夠對談。現在想像一下，這兩位紳士是各自國家的元首，他們所談論的議題影響到好幾億人的生活。你可以想像要把這整場翻譯翻得正確無誤，譯者必須面臨多麼強大的壓力嗎？在這樣的場合中，一個誤會就可能造成嚴重的後果。

要能提供正確無誤的翻譯，而沒有太長的延遲，需要靠很多的學術訓練與完全流利的口條。翻譯課程的要求很高，要花上數年才修得完。這是一份充滿壓力的工作，但那些尋求將溝通與語言技巧運用在工作上的人可以從中得到報酬，包括高薪與旅遊機會。

1.第二段介紹筆譯工作，第三、四段主要介紹口譯工作，因此本文對於兩者皆有概括敘述，故選(B)。

2.由第一段最後一句得知，翻譯是把一種語言(來源語言)轉換成另外一種語言(目標語言)，可知中文是目標語言，故選(B)。

3.由第三段第二句得知，口譯就是作為兩種不同語言使用者相互溝通的中間人，故選(C)。

4.由第三段第一、二句可知筆譯與口譯的差別，比起還能夠好整以暇完成的筆譯工作，同步口譯需要即時反應，故選(C)。

5.A、B、D在第四段皆有提及，且第一段末句提及翻譯不能扭曲原意，可知C為錯，故選(C)。